Book Chapters

Book Chapter - Link (Spanish) - 2024

This chapter analyzes the impact of the U.S.-China trade tensions on the displacement of LAC's exports by China in the U.S. market. Using an augmented gravity model of trade, the degrees of displacement before and since the beginning of trade tensions are estimated and subsequently investigated for structural breaks. The model features both non-linear and linear fixed effects specifications to account for endogeneity, zero trade flows, and multilateral resistance terms (MRTs). The LAC region is represented by thirty-three countries. The analysis makes contributions to three strands of literature. Firstly, the assessment of the impacts of the trade dispute on export competition adds to the literature on economic spillover effects following geopolitical tensions. Secondly, the estimation of the displacement effect contributes to the work on export competition between LAC and China in the U.S. market. Thirdly, the estimation strategy and gravity model results add to the wider augmented gravity model literature on Chinese export competition.

Book Chapter - Link (English) - 2023

This chapter addresses the diagnosis of sustainable development in Latin America, highlighting the economic and social inequalities exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of extreme climatic events. The analysis includes probable and desired future scenarios, emphasizing the importance of transformative and collaborative public policies. The need for regional adaptations to mitigate risks, promote sustainability, and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 and beyond is underscored.

Book Chapter - Link (English) - 2022

This chapter revisits ECLAC's structuralism thesis, which originated from key documents that highlighted Latin America's developmental challenges, emphasizing a global economic system that favored industrialized centers over peripheral regions like Latin America. Structuralism pointed out that industrialized countries enjoyed advanced technologies and high standards of living while Latin America faced economic and social weaknesses. ECLAC advocated for state intervention to promote industrialization and address these imbalances. The organization's efforts included promoting planning, economic statistics, and regional integration. In the 1970s, ECLAC emphasized export diversification and sustainable development. During the "lost decade" of the 1980s, it focused on short-term issues and debt renegotiation. In the 1990s, ECLAC championed "productive transformation with equity," advocating for gradual reforms. Recently, ECLAC has adopted a rights-based approach, considering multidimensional poverty and minorities and emphasizing sustainable human development.

Book Chapter- Link (Spanish) - 2016

The current global economy drives unsustainable production and consumption patterns, heavily reliant on natural resources and fossil fuels, leading to significant environmental degradation. Latin America and the Caribbean are integrated into this system through various economic channels, exacerbating these unsustainable practices. Despite economic growth reducing poverty, it has also intensified negative externalities like pollution and resource depletion. As the region faces economic slowdowns, there's a risk of weakening environmental and labor regulations. However, regional integration and coordinated efforts can help manage these challenges, fostering sustainable development and enhancing competitiveness by promoting environmentally friendly policies and infrastructure.

Book Chapter - Link (Spanish) - 2015

This chapter synthesizes the connections between price and volume index numbers and microeconomic theory, along with the recommended formulas for international measurements. It starts with a simple example and then progresses to more complex analyses.

Book Chapter - Link (English) - 2014

Several determinants strongly influence the pricing in shipping markets, with key factors including the shipping cycle, imbalances between routes, volatility, input prices, cost of capital, and regulatory issues. Additionally, agent behavior is linked to expectations, technical variables (e.g., economies of scale, scope, and density), competition levels, market concentration, entry and exit barriers, and collusive agreements, which also play significant roles. While supply and demand are fundamental in pricing, maritime economics literature often lacks a clear interaction of these later elements under a price-quantity equilibrium system. This chapter aims to identify pricing determinants by a system of simultaneous equations to account for potential endogeneity. Variables such as marginal cost, actual fleet, interest rate, fleet size, expectations, imbalance, and GDP are considered. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the pricing phenomenon, especially in the context of economic cycles.

Book Chapter - Link (Spanish) - 2014

This chapter discusses the evolution of planning and its role in fostering development and reducing inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean over the past 20 years. It highlights the region's recent economic growth, driven by external demand while acknowledging persistent high levels of poverty and inequality. The chapter emphasizes the need for structural changes to achieve sustainable development with equality, calling for more active state participation, higher-quality public policies, and practical, participatory planning processes that involve various social agents. It argues that these are essential for creating a strategic vision that promotes inclusive growth and long-term development.